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[¿µ¾îÆÇ]

Syngman Rhee¡¯s Agrarian Reform Saves Korea


On August 15, 1945, when Korea gained independence, over 70% of the southern population was farmers, and 80% of these farmers farmed on land owned by others. The relationship between the landowner and the tenant farmer was at least in form a contract of equality, but in reality it was an unequal relationship between the ruler and the subjugated class.

Syngman Rhee judged that a newly founded nation could not become a modern nation with such a structure, and had great interest in agrarian reform even before the government was formed.

Therefore, in the first Constitution of the Republic of Korea, the regulation stipulating that ¡®Farmland Shall Be Distributed to the Farmers¡¯ was set in place, and later on this regulation became the legal basis for the agrarian farmland reform.

Once the government was formed, the National Assembly passed the ¡®Agrarian Reform Act¡¯ in 1950, and in accordance to this law, between March and May of that year, 70 ~ 80% of Agrarian was distributed on a compensation/purchase basis to the peasant farmers.

Farmers were to pay for their lands with the grains harvested from their lands, and the landowners received cash compensations from the government. The compensation for farmland targeted for confiscation was 1.5 times the annual harvest.

The landowners all screamed foul. All the farmers had to do was pay back just 30% of the annual yield every year for five years. Even paying 50% of the output under the Japanese rule, when compared to the fact that it was someone else¡¯s land, it was almost like a dream come true to the farmers.

In exchange for setting the price of land so low, for the landowners were given the benefit of being able to participate in the economic development of the country depending on individual¡¯s wish and ability through the government¡¯s assistance program.


The prompt and expeditious Agrarian reform played a critical part in the Korean War that broke out a few months later. In areas occupied by the North Korean forces, they attempted to carry out their own system of land reform. It was a measure to gain the hearts of the farmers, but the response was very cold.

Their response was basically that the agrarian reform already took place, what¡¯s the purpose of redistributing land again? This was a time when a majority of the population was farmers. If there was no Agrarian reform in South Korea, the war would have presented another difficult situation to South Korea.

The ¡®leftist¡¯ president of Brazil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, based his views on the success of the South Korean economy on its land reform. He was very embarrassed, and disappointed that his own country wasn¡¯t able to achieve land reform, during a visit to South Korea in 2005.

Meanwhile, the North Korean style `free distribution` land reform was one in which the land confiscated from the landowner was to be distributed to the farmers free of charge, but unlike South Korea where ownership was given as well, only the right of cultivation was allowed in the North and the ownership was held by the government.

The landowner was changed from the individual to the state. The free distribution model was one that abolished basic social structure and a revolutionary method leading to future communism. Even so, later on even the right to cultivation was withdrawn and collective farming was instituted, and the North Korean farmer became a serf to the new landowner, this time in the form of the state.


The historic significance of President Syngman Rhee`s Agrarian Reform was that it was the first step in `nation building`, and as result of the successful first step, when the war broke out on June 25, 1950 and North Korea invaded the South, the farmers who had already secured ownership of their own farmland gave their full support and loyalty to the Republic of Korea as citizens.

The part we have to pay attention to here is that in North Korea, the land reform was carried out in March 1946, two and a half years before the formation of the Republic of Korea on August 15, 1948. So in effect North Korea already formed a government before March of 1946.

Without a government, how can land reform be carried out? Even now the Korean Teachers and Education Workers Union and other pro-North Koreans and leftists claim and spread the lie that because the Republic of Korea first formed a separate government in the South, this has led to the perpetual division of the Korean peninsula.

Also, the land reform in North Korea was carried out completely in accordance with the Soviet Union`s directives. Not only the land reform, but if one were to know that the constitution, the North Korean flag, the founding cabinet, and everything from A to Z were all carried out at the instigation of the Soviet Union, the Republic of Korea would be seen in a new light.

Ãâó : ´õ ÀÚÀ¯ÀϺ¸(http://www.jayoo.co.kr)

 

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